Fevers :A Parent's Guide

Fever in children is a common concern for parents. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and appropriate measures is crucial. This guide aims to provide parents with valuable insights into dealing with childhood fevers.

Understanding Fever

Fever is the body's natural response to infections and illnesses. It is often a sign that the immune system is working to combat an underlying issue. Most fevers in children are caused by viral infections. Normal body temperature is around 37°C (98.6°F), plus or minus about 0.6° .A rectal temperature of over 38°C (100.4°F) is considered as fever.

A high body temperature is beneficial to us in two ways

1. The raised temperature helps in controlling the disease process.

2. It is an important sign which tells us that “all is not well” in the body, and hence prompts us to look for the underlying cause.

Common Causes of Fever :

· Viral Infections: Respiratory infections, flu, and common cold.

· Bacterial Infections: Strep throat, urinary tract infections.

· Immunizations: Some vaccines can cause mild fever as a side effect.

Recognizing Fever :

· Elevated Body Temperature: Normal body temperature is around 37°C (98.6°F), plus or minus about 0.6° .A rectal temperature of over 38°C (100.4°F) is considered as fever.

· Additional Symptoms: Your child may display signs like irritability, lethargy, or a decrease in appetite.

How do I check the temperature ?

When checking your child's temperature, skip the old-fashioned ways and go for a digital thermometer. Forget about the risky mercury ones—they can be harmful if they break. While using a thermometer in the bum (rectum) is the most accurate, it needs special care and might not be comfy for your child. The armpit (axillary) method is a good alternative. Just remember, armpit readings are a bit lower, and bum readings are a bit higher than the mouth readings you might be used to. So, go digital and go armpit for a fuss-free way to keep an eye on your child's health.

Click here to know about different types of thermometers and how to use them.

Dealing with Childhood Fever:

1. Stay Calm: While fever can be distressing, it's often the body's way of fighting infection. Stay calm to provide comfort to your child.

2. Hydration is Key: Encourage fluid intake to prevent dehydration. Offer water, clear fluids, or oral rehydration solutions.

3. Appropriate Clothing: Dress your child in lightweight clothing to avoid overheating. Use a light blanket for comfort during sleep.

4. Fever-Reducing Medications: Consult your pediatrician about suitable over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Follow dosage instructions carefully.

Sponging?

When your child has a fever, sponging them can help. Use a damp cloth and wipe them down from head to toe for about 15–20 minutes. This keeps a layer of water moving, helping to cool them down. Studies say sponging alone isn't the best for long fever periods, but it can still help when combined with medicine. For babies under 3 months, don't expose them for too long to avoid getting too cold. Instead, use a damp cloth to sponge them gently. And hey, a tepid bath can also do wonders to bring that fever down.

When to Seek Medical Attention:

· High Fever: If the fever exceeds 104°F (40°C).

· Persistent Fever: Lasting more than a few days.

· Unusual Symptoms: Seizures, severe headache, or difficulty breathing.

Don’t worry if child is-

· Playful and active during interfebrile period 

· Acts like himself/herself during most of the day 

· Feeding well 

· Passing urine normally

What if the fever doesn’t come down even after giving one dose of paracetamol?

If the fever persists after the first dose, wait for 4–6 hours before giving another. Stick to the recommended dose. Some doctors may prescribe a mix of paracetamol and ibuprofen for faster relief. However, the overall benefits are not conclusively proven, and combined drugs can bring more side effects. Avoid mefenamic acid in children due to potential serious side effects. teer clear of aspirin and nimesulide for fever relief in children, as they can pose risks.

Nutrition during fever episodes:

During a fever, the body's metabolic rate increases, leading to higher energy expenditure. This can result in a temporary decrease in appetite. It's crucial for parents to recognize this natural response and ensure that children receive sufficient nutrients.

· Encourage Fluid Intake: Fever can lead to dehydration, so it's crucial to promote fluid intake. Offer water, clear broths, or electrolyte solutions at regular intervals.

· Optimize Nutrient-Dense Foods: Introduce easily digestible, nutrient-dense foods. This can include soups, fruits, and light meals that provide essential vitamins and minerals.

Preventing Fever:

· Vaccinations: Keep your child's immunizations up-to-date.

· Good Hygiene Practices: Teach your child proper handwashing to reduce the risk of infections.

Conclusion: Childhood fevers are typically manageable at home with proper care. However, parental vigilance and timely medical consultation are vital. Always consult your pediatrician for personalized advice.

References:

1. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2017). Fever Without Fear: Information for Parents.

2. Mayo Clinic. (2021). Fever in Children: First Aid.

3. Paracetamol, ibuprofen, and other drugs for feverish illness in children: systematic review of meta-analyses. (2021). BMJ, 373

4. Parental guidelines by Indian Academy Of Pediatrics.