ADHD : Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

A diagnosis of ADHD can be confusing and overwhelming for families. This guide aims to provide parents with basic information about ADHD, strategies for managing symptoms, and resources for further support.

What is ADHD?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 8-10% of children. It is characterized by persistent difficulties with:

· Attention: Difficulty focusing, staying organized, and completing tasks.

· Hyperactivity: Excessive fidgeting, restlessness, and impulsivity.

· Impulsivity: Acting without thinking, interrupting others, and blurting out answers.

Symptoms of ADHD in Children:

The symptoms of ADHD can vary depending on the child's age and type of ADHD (predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, or combined). Some common symptoms include:

· Inattentive :

o Easily distracted

o Forgets things often

o Daydreams frequently

o Has difficulty following instructions

o Loses things easily

o Avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort

· Hyperactive-impulsive :

o Fidgets and squirms

o Talks excessively

o Runs around or climbs on things excessively

o Has difficulty sitting still

o Blurts out answers

o Interrupts others

o Has difficulty waiting their turn

Impact of ADHD:

ADHD can significantly impact a child's academic performance, social relationships, and self-esteem. Children with ADHD are more likely to experience:

· Academic difficulties

· Social problems

· Low self-esteem

· Anxiety

· Depression

· Substance abuse

Diagnosing ADHD:

ADHD is diagnosed by a qualified healthcare professional, typically a pediatrician, psychiatrist, or psychologist. The diagnosis involves a comprehensive evaluation, including:

· A medical history

· A physical exam

· A behavioral assessment

· Parent and teacher reports

Treatment for ADHD:

There is no cure for ADHD, but it can be effectively managed with a combination of:

· Medication: Stimulant medications are the most common type of medication used to treat ADHD. They work by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which improves attention and focus.

· Behavioral therapy: Behavioral therapy teaches children coping skills to manage their symptoms, improve their behavior, and develop social skills.

· Parent training: Parent training programs help parents understand ADHD and learn strategies for managing it at home.

· Educational support: Schools can provide accommodations and modifications to help children with ADHD succeed in the classroom.

Additional Resources:

· Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD): https://chadd.org/

· National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): https://www.nimh.nih.gov/

· American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP): https://www.aacap.org/

Managing Your Child's ADHD at Home:

· Learn all you can about ADHD. The more you know about ADHD, the better equipped you will be to help your child.

· Talk to your child about ADHD. Explain ADHD in terms they can understand and answer their questions honestly.

· Work with your child's doctor and school to develop a treatment plan.

· Create a structured environment at home. Establish routines and expectations, and provide clear instructions.

· Break down large tasks into smaller, more manageable steps.

· Use positive reinforcement. Reward your child for good behavior and effort.

· Be patient and understanding. Remember that ADHD is not something your child can control.

· Connect with other parents of children with ADHD. Support groups can be a valuable resource for information and advice.

Conclusion:

A diagnosis of ADHD can be challenging, but with proper support and treatment, children with ADHD can live happy and fulfilling lives. By working together, parents, teachers, and healthcare professionals can help children with ADHD reach their full potential.

References:

· https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adhd.html

· https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adhd.html

· https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/ss/slideshow-adhd-in-children

· https://www.adhdfoundation.org.uk/