Red flags in Development : 2-3 years

SNIPPETSDEVELOPMENTRED FLAGS

Dr Praful Gowda

2 min read

The age of 2 to 3 years is often called the “language explosion” phase. Toddlers at this stage begin to speak in sentences, follow simple instructions, play with others, and express a wide range of emotions. Their curiosity and imagination grow rapidly.

But what if your child isn’t speaking clearly, doesn’t play with peers, or doesn’t respond when called? These could be signs of developmental delay—and early recognition can make a critical difference.

This article highlights the important red flags between 24–36 months, explains what they could mean, and outlines what steps to take next.

What to Expect by 3 Years

By age 3, most children have made significant progress across motor, language, social, and thinking skills. Here's what typical development may look like:

Motor

  • Runs easily, climbs well

  • Kicks a ball, throws overhand

  • Pedals a tricycle

  • Builds a tower of 6 blocks or more

  • Can draw simple strokes (circle, vertical line)

Language

  • Uses 2–4 word sentences

  • Speaks clearly enough for familiar people to understand

  • Asks simple questions (“What’s that?”, “Where go?”)

  • Names common objects and people

  • Follows 2-step instructions

Social & Emotional

  • Imitates adults and friends

  • Shows affection to familiar people

  • Plays simple pretend games

  • Takes turns in games (with some guidance)

  • Shows concern when others are upset

Cognitive

  • Can match colors or shapes

  • Completes simple puzzles

  • Understands the concept of “two”

  • Engages in pretend or imaginative play

  • Understands cause and effect (e.g., press button = music)

Red Flags: Signs That Warrant Concern

Look out for these warning signs between ages 2 and 3:

By 30 Months:

  • Doesn’t use 2-word phrases (e.g., “want juice”, “go car”)

  • Cannot follow simple instructions

  • Does not imitate actions or words

  • Seems uninterested in other children

  • Cannot walk steadily

By 36 Months:

  • Doesn’t speak in short sentences

  • Speech is mostly unclear to others

  • Rarely makes eye contact or shows social interest

  • Doesn’t pretend play (e.g., feeding a doll)

  • Doesn’t follow 2-step instructions

  • Doesn’t respond to name or basic questions

  • Has frequent, extreme tantrums or shows rigid play patterns

  • Loses previously acquired skills

If your child has several of these signs, especially across multiple domains (language, motor, social), it’s time to seek professional input.

What Should Parents Do?

  • Don’t assume it’s just a speech delay—delays in language + social interaction can suggest broader issues.

  • Ask your pediatrician for a full developmental evaluation.

  • Request a speech and language assessment.

  • Consider screening for autism, especially if there are signs like lack of pretend play, poor eye contact, or repetitive behavior.

  • Engage in play-based therapy and home routines that promote interaction.

What Could These Signs Mean?

Some possible conditions that may present between 2–3 years include:

  • Speech or language delay

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder

  • Global Developmental Delay

  • Hearing impairment

  • Social communication disorder

  • Neglect or low-stimulation environments

Remember: Early therapy—even before a diagnosis is finalized—can significantly improve your child’s communication and social outcomes.

What’s the Next Step?

  1. Document concerns—note what your child can and cannot do.

  2. Schedule a pediatric consultation.

  3. Follow through with referrals to speech therapy, audiology, or developmental assessment.

  4. Start interactive play-based learning at home—books, pretend play, singing, naming objects.

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